abid 1v To copulate, of either animals or humans. 2v To intentionally cross-breed animals or cross-pollinate crops. see: su-utan. 3vs To be cross-bred as of animals of mixed breed. Ka pondakan no asu, ogsu-utan to konon pondakan no asu ko ogka-abiran. The short-legged dog will take-on characteristics of a not short-legged dog if they become cross-bred. 3.1v To be cross-pollinated. To pogpamula ku to agoloy no ogbobotu, nokogdulug to agoloy no konò ogbotu. Ko nigbogas, na-abiran on no nigbaluy on to olin no agoloy no ogbobotu. When I planted corn that pops, it happened to be adjacent to corn which does not pop. When it bore grain (lit. fruit), it had become cross-pollinated and so had changed into all the same kind of corn which popped. spec: dumurow 1.
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akob 1n A layer of something, such as an additional layer of clothing like an undergarment, underskirt or slip or an upper garment such as a shawl or coat.. [Almost anything which can be layered, such as a layer of paint or a layer of wood.] see fr.: laplap 2; see: linas. 2v To be layered, as plywood. [This applies to thin layers or items such as plywood, paper or paint and would not be used of thicker items such as books or boards which would be stacked. It could also apply to layers of skin or leaves on the ground.] 3v To be multi-layered or stacked as many sheets of paper. [But not stacked as books. That would be ogpokog-ampow-ampow.] 4vs (Fig) To have one's thoughts or activities supplanted, or overlaid, or taken over by something. Ko pananglitan du-on oghimuon ta di ko du-on igkasasow ta, na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan. If for example we are doing something but then something is worrying us, what we had been doing at first was supplanted [by that which is disturbing us]. Na-akoban ka doromdom ta to igkasasow ta no warò ta nato-ori to oghimuon ta porom. Our thinking was taken over by that which was worrying us and so we didn't accomplish what we would have done. [The following is an example of having one's thoughts so much supplanted or taken over (lit. overlaid) by something else that one cannot concentrate on what one had originally planned to do.] see: aloy₁ 2.
aku v 1To commit oneself to revenge, or to get back at someone. Ko du-on ogpa-agad-agad to og-aku to ogpohimatayan to songo otow, sikan ka og-aku no og-sulì to usig. If there is someone who agrees to commit himself to kill someone else, that is the one who will be brave enough to take revenge against an enemy. [This can be used in either a good sense or a bad sense as the examples that follow show. The first example actually uses two senses of aku in the same sentence.] see: tu-ud 1. 1.1To be committed to something, especially to have committed oneself to revenge. Ko du-on ogsugù, no og-aku ka dangob to ogpohimatayon no ogtuman sikandin, sikan ka og-akuon din to og-atu to usig. If there is someone who gives a command and someone else commits to kill [someone] and carries it out, that is the enemy against whom he has committed himself to take revenge. 2To be brave enough to do something; not to be afraid to do something. Ko du-on problima ku, konò a ogkasipod to og-aku no ognangon to ogpabulig a. If I have a problem, I am not afraid to ask for help. [In combination with a negative and the word for shame, it can mean not to be afraid to do something.] see: langob.
al-al n A deep hurt, ache, or throb as that of a broken arm. Si Jeany no anak ku no no-ulug to santol, ogpakangangang no subla ka al-al no masakit lagboy su nalogò ka lawa rin woy nigtimpuruk ka langosa rin no nigpano-obbto-ob ka lawa rin. As for my daughter Jeany who fell from a santol tree, she involuntarily cried out because the throbbing pain hurt excessively because her body was bruised and her blood was pooled and so her body was black and blue. Ko ogsubla ka ogbosik no al-al, ogpakangangang ki to masakit. When the intensity ?? of the throbbing is excessive, we involuntarily cry out from the pain. [Deep pain as of Anombay’s broken forearms after they were set; ache.] see fr.: korol.
aloy₁ see fr.: lagap. vs 1To be distracted or drawn away from a thought or activity by something else. Ko du-on oghimuon ta di ko du-on igkasasow ta, na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan no na-aloy ki diò to dangob no warò ta nato-ori. If there is something we are [planning on] doing something but if there is something worrying us, the thing we would have done at the beginning is supplanted (lit. layered or covered over) and then we are drawn away to something else and so we didn't accomplish [what we started out to do]. see: talantan 2; see: ayat 4. 2To have one’s thoughts preoccupied by something. Ogka-aloy ka doromdom nu to mgo ulod-ulod no konò ka ogpakasagman to pogko-on. Your thoughts were being preoccupied with the [small] creatures and so you were not able to pay attention to food. [DB comment regarding a childhood experience when I played with bugs and snails and then could not eat my lunch because I was still thinking of those creatures.] see fr.: akob 4.
ambow 1n Any kind of rodent, from the largest woodchuck like marmot to various kinds of rats and mice. Ka dii to baloy no ambow, konò ogtatabunan su diò baloy oghimu to salag dan. The rodent which lives here in the house does not make a mound [living quarters] because they make a nest in the house. [A rabbit is also called an ambow because it is recognized as a rodent as is the takubung "marmot" which is similar to the woodchuck.] spec: takubung. 2deriv n The game “rat”. Ka mgo batò koy pad, ogpaligli-agoy koy dongan no ogkagian noy to, “Oghimu ki to ambow-ambow no ogtigbason noy to bolad noy ka bakalawan to duma noy.” When we were still children, we played with each other long ago and we said, “Let's make make-believe rats, and so we will strike the upper arms of our companions.” [The children form groups and take turns striking the other's upper arms. The welt formed is called an ambow “rat” which they say ran up the person's arm and will get in their armpit.] 2.1v To play the make-believe game “rat”. Ko ogkatigbas on no ogkotul on ka laplap, no ian on ka ambow no namanoik to bolad din. Sikan ka og-ambow-ambow. When we strike and then a welt forms on the skin, and that has become the rat which climbed up his arm. That is the rat [game].
anad 1v Teach. Ka maistra, og-anad to mgo istudianti. [As for] the teacher, he/she teaches the students. see fr.: ayat 2. 1.1v Taught Ka maistra ku to "grade one", sikan dod ka nig-anad ki Judith. My grade one teacher was also the one who taught Judith. 1.2vt To be taught by someone. Og-anaron ka mgo batò oyow du-on ogkato-uanan dan. The children are being taught so that they will have skills. 2v To be able to teach. Warò a nig-iman-iman to ogka-anad ku ka amoy woy ka anak. I had not expected that I would be able to teach the father and the daughter (lit. offspring). 2.1v To train or submit oneself to training (lit. allow oneself to be taught). Ka sikan no ogpo-omot to pa-anad, ogkato-u sikandin. That person who diligently trains (lit. causes [himself] to be taught) will become skilled. 2.2v That which is used to teach/train others. Ko nato-uan din, songo ig-anad din to songo otow. When he has become skilled, he will likewise use [that skill] to teach another person. 2.2.1v That which was taught, or used to train someone. Ogkaroromdom ku ka in-anad to amoy ku kanak tongod to talabau to oggabas to kayu no ighimu to baloy I remember that which my father taught me about the work of sawing wood to make a house. 3v Learn. Ka mgo batò, og-anad to ogsulat. The children are learning to write. 3.1vs To learn, become accustomed to. Kanokal ka to oghusud oyow ogka-anad ka oyow du-on ogkato-uan nu to oggabas. Be strong to pull [on the saw] so that you will learn so that you will know how to saw. 4v That which would be used to teach/train someone to do something. 5vs To have learned or to have become trained, accustomed to. Ko na-anad ka, du-on dayagang nu woy malomu nu su nigtagama nu. When you have become trained, you have strength and it is easy for you because you have become accustomed [to the work]. Warò koy na-anad to sikan no du-on ngalap. Na-anad koy to warò ngangalapoy noy. We are not accustomed to those kinds of fish [lit. viand]. We are accustomed to having no [means of catching] fish. see: tagam. 6v 7deriv n Teacher or the ones who teach. Ka maistra woy ka maistru, sikandan ka talag-anad to mgo istudianti. The male-teacher and female teacher(s), they are the teachers of the students [In the school context, the Spanish borrowings maistru and maistra are commonly used for “teacher” but talag-anad is still used for those who teach how to do anything.] 8Learn. 9v To enable someone gain the ability (lit. to learn) to do something such as to regain a skill that has been lost due to illness. Ogbuligan ta ka otow no malotoy to ogkitkit oyow ogpaka-anad to oghihipanow oyow ogpoko-orol on. We help a weak person by holding [his/her] hand so that [he/she] will gain the ability to walk so that [he/she] will be able to become ambulatory.
aras 1vs To be frustrated . Ogka-aras si Inò to kamot din su dakol ka hilamonon to homoy rin. Ogkagi rin to ogkara-at ka homoy rin su konò ogko-ubus no oghilamonon. Mother is frustrated because she has a lot of rice to weed. She says her rice will be wasted if she cannot finish weeding. [In the above example, there is frustration but no anger.] see fr.: anumpul; see: sasow 2; see fr.: ulingol 3. 2v To be provoked or to express irritation about something. Og-arasan koy to pokoipanow koy. We’re irritated because we have to walk. Ka otow no og-arasan, agad maintok ka ogkagion ta, maga-an ogkabolù. The person who gets provoked, even if what we say is small, he/she will be quick to become angry. Og-arasan ki to kuddò no naruad no konò ogkabayaran. We are provoked that the horse was sold and so it won't be paid for. [DB says the following example would fit a situation where some people got to ride on a raft and others had to walk. Those having to walk would be irritated because they didn't get to ride. There is some anger here resulting in grumbling.] see: kabolù. 3v To give vent to ones frustration. Og-aras-aras si Igì su warò ogtamong to anak din no konò ogpakapangali. Igì is venting [her] frustration because there is no one to watch her children and so she cannot go dig camotes.
atag₁ part On the other hand, in contrast to others. Ka nigga-ani on ka homoy, natalaran ka warò atag no naga-ani, no tibò no otow, nakako-on. At the time when [the rice] was harvested, [they] shared with those who in contrast to others didn't have anything to harvest, and so all the people were able to eat. Karumaan to kuron ka bobotangan, di dakol atag. The bobotangan clay vessel is in the same catagory (lit. companion) of the clay pot, but on the other hand, it is large .
bakuli v 1To allow to grow back, such as sweet potatoes whose old vines have been removed. Ko ogbuyugan on ka mundu-an, og-awo-on tad ka taan no lawa to mundù no ogbakuli-on tad ka tubu-an no iam no lawa to mundù. When the sweet potato field has become old, we remove the old sweet potato vines (lit. old bodies) and then we allow the sweet potatoes to grow back as they sprout new sweet potato vines. 2To be repaid. Ko naruad to buyag ka asu rin no warò pad bayad [botad], ko nakabayad on ka napurut to sikan no asu, oglibong on ka igbayad to sikan no asu no nabakulì dò diò to tagtu-un su nabayaran din on. When an older person sold his dog which wasn't yet paid for, [and] when the person who got that dog has paid for it, the dog's value has been returned and so the owner has been repaid because [the dog] has been paid for. 3To recover something. Ogbakuli-on ku ka mo-irob ku ko ogpisal a to agoloy. I will recover my knife when my corn is sold. see: lokat. 4Buy back; redeem. Ogbakuli-on ku rò ka asu ku su napogos a rò ka nigduad ku su warò ogkoimuan ku. I will buy back my dog because I was forced to sell it because there was nothing [else] I could do. cf: balukas.
balingù vs Turned or twisted, sprained as one's foot or hand. Ka nigli-ag a to nigbubula, nabalingù ka pa-a ku no nigmohirap ad on to oghipanow su niglobag on no songo simana woy nigkilos. When I played ball, my foot was sprained (or “turned under”) and so it became difficult for me to walk because it swelled and was a whole week before [the swelling] went down. Kabalingù ka bibig to ogngisi ko mausilom. One will get a twisted lip from laughing after dark. [as when one turns one's foot and suffers a sprain.] see: kolong.
bantut n Of either a man or woman to be sexually oriented toward the opposite sex doing work, activities and sometimes using clothing of the opposite sex. Du-on bantut no warò goinawa rin to boi. Lukos sikandin di ian din ogpo-ilingan ka boi. There was someone who had no care (lit. breath) for women. He jwas a man but behaved like a woman. [In Ata Manobo culture, these people may tend to live alone and not marry. This term does not mean the person so orientated engages in homosexual activity which traditionally is not accepted in the culture.]
batuk 1v To find, discover. Inat konò ogpakabatuk. It's as if one cannot discover [the meaning]. Warò ki pad makabatuk to maroyow no dalan. We had not yet discovered the good path. Iglobong diò to tanò to daruwa no allow ka pogbatuk to sikan no agkud. [The mixture] is buried in the ground for two days [before]] finding [it to have become] the agkud delicacy. see fr.: tugul 3; see fr.: kita 2; see fr.: tolom 3. 2v To be effective. Ko nokoy no tambal no ogpakabatuk to masakit, ian ka ma-agbot no tambal. Whatever medicine is effective against an illness, that is strong medicine. 3v To identify, such as to narrow down to the one person whom one would marry. Ko konò ogkahalin ka goinawa nu diò to duma no boi, no ian nu ogbatukon ka sikan no boi no nasabutan nu. If your love (lit. breath) does not change to another girl, then you have identified the girl with whom you had an agreement [to be the one whom you would marry]. [The sense here seems to be that one's search is narrowed down to this one person so that one knows she is the one he is looking for.] see: tu-on 1. 4v To locate, or go to a specific place for a specific purpose. Ka kunto-on no tipouri no mgo otow, du-on batasan to du-on on indosanan no kasilyas no du-on dò ogbatuk ka og-indos. As for the present-day people who have come later (lit. last), there is a custom to have an outhouse for defecating and so that is [the only] place people will go to to defecate. [The following seems to mean that in contrast to the past when people defecated anywhere, now people go to only that specific location which has been made for that purpose.] 5v To find or locate Ko oglapas ki, ko konò ki ogpakabatuk to mababow su mabolbol ka woig, ogka-alus ki diò to maralom. If we cross [a river], if we cannot locate a shallow area because the water is swift, we will be carried away by the current to a deep area. 6v To get at, or be effective against, as an illness. Ko nokoy no tambal no ogpakabatuk to masakit, ian ka ma-agbot no tambal. Whatever the medicine is which gets at the illness, that is efficatious (lit. strong) medicine. see: tu-on ??. 7v To be passed down, as some characteristic or authority which is recognized in someone's descendant Sikan ka oghingaranan noy no batuk to anak. Ka katondanan ni Dabid, nigbatuk ki Husi. No ka katondanan ni Husi, nigbatuk man dò diò ki Hisus. That is [what] we call passed down to an offspring. The authority of David, it is passed down to Joseph. And the authority of Joseph, it is then passed down to/found in in Jesus. 8v to find to be [or to have become] something Iglobong diò to tanò to daruwa no allow ka pogbatuk to sikan no agkud. That which found to be agkud is buried in the ground for two days. [In the following example, the it takes two days for the mixture of ingredients to change into the food item called akud.] 9Retrieve food once cached away. 10Return. 11v find out, reveal 12Kabatukon ku so-i komos. ???
bu-og v 1Invitation to wrestle playfully. Kagi to sagboka, “Usì, bubu-og ki.” Ogtabak ka dangob to, “Ho-o, ogbubu-og ki, ian,” no ogpabugbu-ogoy on. One says, “Usi, lets wrestle.” The other says, “Yes, let’s wrestle,” and so then they wrestle with each other. 2Wrestle each other playfully. Ogpabubu-oyoy ka darua no lukos ko hontow kandan ka dayagangon. Two men wrestle with each other to discover who is the strongest. gen: pabakbakusoy.
buì v 1To live, be alive, as people. Ogkabuì ki. We are alive. Ogko-unawa ki Ann Joy no moirap ka sakit din. Nigtawaran noy on ka konad on ogkabuì. It's like Ann Joy whose illness was difficult. We lost hope (lit. became twisted) because she could no longer live. 2To bring to life, resuscitate. Ogkabuì ku. I will bring him/her to life (or “I will resuscitate him/her.”) see: uyag 2.1. 2.1To come alive, as fire. Ka otow no ogbibigut, ogkabuì ko og-o-obul on ka hapuy. As for the person who makes fire by rubbing something back and forth, [the fire] is alive if it begins to smoke. 3To give life by taking care of and providing sustenance for someone. Ka apù, ian ka nigtalipun ka nigbuì to no-ilu no anak to anak din. The grandmother was the one to take care of and provide sustenance for her daughter's child who was orphaned (lit. the one who was orphaned who was the offspring of her offspring). Ogmomonu a na-an to boi na-an dò no moirap ku to ogbuì to mgo anak ta no malintok pad. What could I have done (lit. can I do) in that [I am] just a woman and so it's hard for me to give life/sustenance to our children who are still small. see: talipun 1. 3.1To be able to provide sustenance for. Ongkorid on ka asawa nu su konò ogpakabuì koykow su konò ogtalabau. Abandon your husband (lit. spouse) because he is unable to provide for you because he will not work. 4Cure.
bulignus v 1To spear, stab or cut in the same place as when killing an animal that did not die from the first stroke. Ko ogbulignusan, ta ka babuy, og-ul-uliton ta ka palì oyow ogkabitawan on. When we repeatedly stab or spear a pig, we repeatedly [stab/spear] in the wound so that i[ts life] will be cut off. 2To command someone to finish off an animal that hasn't died as a pig that was speared.
bunggù 1v To break neck. Nigbunggù to boi ka ulu to alu-an no namatoy on. The woman pressed the head of the mudfish to break its neck and so it died. 2Du-on otow no nigparigus no nigtinugpù no nighun-a ka ulu rin no nabunggù ka li-og din su nakasungkul There was a person who went bathing and dove (lit. jumped in head first) and broke his neck because he hit his head [against something].
buntol v To get sore thighs from walking. Ka otow no nigsukut to kuddò din no warò bayari, nabuntol dò ka nig-ulì no nigmamasakit ka mgo bubun din to nighipanow. The person who went to collect on his horse that was not paid for got sore thighs on his return and so his thighs were hurting a lot from walking.
bus-ug 1v To tip out, pour or dump. Ko ogko-ubus din on to pogbus-ug to batu, ogko-ug-ug on. When he has finished dumping the rocks, they fall [to the ground]. [Can apply to liquids, grain or items. bus-ug implies that a large amount will come out, usually emptying the container.] 2v To pour on, as water; douse. Ko nigbinulan si Elena diò to Davao, pigsugù sikandin to ogpabus-ugan to woig ka bulak. When Elena worked as a housegirl in Davao, she was given instructions to pour water on the flowers. No pogbus-ug din to woig, no nasubid ka baloy to lapinid no na-antog to woig no pigsogod sikandin. And as she was pouring the water [on the flowers], a lapinid wasp nest got wet and so she was stung. osyn: ug-ug 2; see: itis 1; see fr.: busbus 1; see fr.: itis 2. 3v Pour out, dump. Pambus-ug nu. Dump [all of them]. 4vs To spill out, be dumped accidently. Ko ogkapolod ka bardi, ogkabus-ug ka woig no warad ogkasamò. If the barrel tips over, the water will spill out and no more will be left. Ko du-on og-alapon ta no homoy no ogpakarogpak ki, ogkara-at ka homoy su ogkabus-ug. If we have rice which we are carrying and then we happen to stumble, the rice will be wasted because it will be accidently dumped. see fr.: boya.
dal-oy v 1To be unsteady on one’s feet as a person so weak or sickly he/she can hardly walk without falling over. Tongod to otow no malotoy, ogdal-oydal-oy to oghipanow no subla no malotoy no konò ogpoko-orol. About a person who is weak, he/she or she is unsteady on his/her feet in walking and is exceedingly weak and so cannot get around well. 2To be lovesick, lonely for ones lover(poet.)
dalangin 1vt To run an errand find out something, such as whether one can buy newly butchered meat. Ko du-on og-iow to babuy, kalabow, kuddò ogsugù koy to, "Dalangin kow su du-on nangiow to babuy. Purut kow to agad songo kilo." If someone is butchering a pig, water buffalo, [or] horse, we will command someone, “Go check it out because someone has butchered a pig. Get even one kilo.” see: lo-uy 2; see: ma-an 2. 2vi To be en route to go to a destination as an evil spirit which is en route to check out a dead person. Konò kow amana ogli-ag diò to tanò su ogkabaya-an kow to busow no ogdalangin to namatoy. Don't play so much outside (lit. on the ground) because you will happen to be in the path of evil spirit(s) which are en route to check out a dead person. 3v [For many people] to check something out Ko du-on og-iow, moon-ing ka oghondu-on ka ogdalanginan. If there is [an animal] being butchered, many go to check it out. 4v To delegate someone to do something. Kunto-on, to warò liwak nu to oghondiò to Malaybalay, nigdalanginan ta si Jaimi su du-on tu-ud din diò to Malaybalay no ian ta pinaboli to mgo gulayon. Today, since you didn’t have time to go to Malaybalay, we delegated Jaimi to do it [for us] because he had a purpose in Malaybalay and so we had him buy the food items. see: pagindalan; see: saligan. 5v To be pursued, as by evil spirits who want the game that a person is carrying. Ogdanginan ka otow to busow no ogbababa to babuy su ogngarog to langosa. A person who is carrying a pig on his back will be pursued by an evil spirit because it smells the blood. [Said to happen if one is carrying a pig after dark or when the light outside is dim because the spirit(s) are after the blood of the animal because it wants to take the animal away from the person. It is believed that the enounter may result in that person becoming ill.]
gagow 1v To temporarily satiate someones hunger by giving some already-cooked food to eat until more rice is cooked or the meal, is served such as when a guest arrives who is too hungry. Ko du-on ogdatong no otow no oggutasan, ogbogayan to iggagow no nasamò no ko-onon oyow ogtago-od no ogko-on. No ka tagbaluy, ogsusugba pad man dò to igpako-on no oghutuk. If someone arrives [at someone’s house] who is hungry, he is given something to eat from the leftovers to temporarily satiate his hunger. Then the host/hostess cooks again that which he/she will feed t[heir guests] Igggagow ku to gutas ku no ogko-on to do-isok oyow igtaantan ka gutas ku. I [eat something] to satiate my hunger and so I eat a little so that my hunger will be held off (lit. distracted). 2Eat something to temporarily satiate hunger. Nakagagow ad to ko-onon. I had to eat some food to temporily satiate [my hunger]. 3v ?? Ko napolis poron ka pa-a nu no agpas ka nakagongon, no nagawa kad on poron. Warò ka rod nakaparagas no no-ulug to hagoran. When your foot almost slipped [from the step] and you quickly grabbed something, you were almost .....??.... You didn’t quite continue to fall from the stairs. 4v To be startled, scared??? Amana ka so-ini no hagoran no makagagawa no ogko-ulug a poron. This stupid stairway which [scares??] so that I nearly fell.
himu 1v Do. Na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan no na-aloy ki diò to dangob no warò ta nato-ori. That which we would have done at the beginning was supplanted (lit. layered or covered over) and so then we were distracted to something else so that we didn't accomplish [what we started out to do]. 2v make 3v To be made or given a position Diò to kanami, woy ogkatahuron noy ko noimu on no pogbuyagon. In our place, we don't show respect [to someone] unless they have been made a leader. 4v To make something from something else. Di kunto-on, ka balanghuy on ka oghimuon no agkud. But these days, cassava is now being [used] to make agkud. 5The process of making something 6Ko ogkapongaan to poghimu to darua no allow, bali ogkako-on ka sikan no agkud. When two days of [this] process has been completed, finally that agkud can be eaten.
hù v 1To treat or to speak nicely to someone. Hu-a nu ka batò oyow konò ogsinogow. Speak nicely to the child so that he won't cry. [If word is used of an adult it would mean to help that person in some way, such as good advice, so they would feel better. If word is used of a child, it would imply doing things for him or with him so that he would be happy. (It applies to the activity whether or not the child has a reason to be unhappy.)] 2“Butter up”, that is, treat nicely, or teach carefully but with alterior motives. Moon-ing ka mgo otow no oghu-hu-an dan no ogka-ayatan dan no oggawayan dan. There are many people whom they are buttering up and so they entice them and deceived. [When the reduplicated form is used the connotation is that the activity is being done with deceptive or alterior motives.] osyn: imu-imu-an, ayat 1.
